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Louis Farrakhan, Sr. (born Louis Eugene Wolcott; May 11, 1933, and formerly known as Louis X) is the leader of the religious group Nation of Islam (NOI). He served as the minister of major mosques in Boston and Harlem, and was appointed by the longtime NOI leader, Elijah Muhammad, as the National Representative of the Nation of Islam. After Warith Deen Muhammad disbanded the NOI and started the orthodox Islamic group American Society of Muslims, Farrakhan started rebuilding the NOI. In 1981 he revived the name Nation of Islam for his organization, previously known as Final Call, regaining many of the Nation of Islam's National properties including the NOI National Headquarters Mosque Maryam, reopening over 130 NOI mosques in America and the world. The Southern Poverty Law Center describes Farrakhan as antisemitic and a proponent of an anti-white theology.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Louis Farrakhan )〕 Farrakhan himself, however, disputes this view of his ideology.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Letter of warning to President George Bush: December 1, 2001 )〕 Farrakhan is a black religious and social leader. Farrakhan has been both praised and widely criticized for his often controversial political views and outspoken rhetorical style. He has been criticized for remarks that have been perceived as antisemitic, anti-white and prejudiced against gays.〔 In October 1995, he organized and led the Million Man March in Washington, D.C., calling on black men to renew their commitments to their families and communities. Farrakhan, due to health issues, reduced his responsibilities with the NOI in 2007. In recent years, however, Farrakhan has been very active, including delivering weekly online sermons throughout 2013〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://blog.adl.org/anti-semitism/louis-farrakhans-52-weeks-of-hate )〕 as well as speaking at both large public NOI events as well as smaller venues.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.adl.org/anti-semitism/united-states/c/farrakhan-nation-of-islam-noi-in-his-own-words.html )〕 Since 2010, Farrakhan has advocated L Ron Hubbard's Dianetics and the use of its "auditing" technique despite not being a Scientologist. In 2015, he led the 20th Anniversary of the Million Man March: Justice or Else. ==Early life and education== Farrakhan was born Louis Eugene Wolcott (also mistakenly spelled Walcott)〔(Bernard Holland, "Sending a Message, Louis Farrakhan Plays Mendelssohn" ), ''The New York Times'', April 19, 1993, accessed December 3, 2010〕 in The Bronx, New York, the younger of two sons of Sarah Mae Manning (January 16, 1900 – November 18, 1988) and Percival Clark, immigrants from the Caribbean islands. His mother was born in Saint Kitts and Nevis. His father was a Jamaican native. The couple split before Louis was born. Farrakhan says he never knew his biological father. His mother then moved in with Louis Wolcott from Barbados, who became his stepfather.〔Mattias Gardell, ''In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam'' Duke University Press, 1996, p.119.〕 After Louis' stepfather died in 1936, the Wolcott family moved to Boston, Massachusetts, where they settled in the West Indian neighborhood of Roxbury.〔 Starting at the age of six, Wolcott received rigorous training in the violin.〔 He received his first violin at the age of six, and by the time he was 13 years old he had played with the Boston College Orchestra and the Boston Civic Symphony.〔 A year later, he went on to win national competitions. In 1946, he was one of the first black performers to appear on the Ted Mack ''Original Amateur Hour'',〔 where he also won an award. He and his family were active members of the Episcopal St. Cyprian's Church in Roxbury, Massachusetts.〔 Wolcott attended the prestigious Boston Latin School, and later the English High School, from which he graduated.〔(John B. Judis, "Maximum Leader" ), ''The New York Times'', August 18, 1996, ''Accessed on May 19, 2006''.〕 He completed three years at Winston-Salem Teachers College, where he had a track scholarship. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Louis Farrakhan」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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